As I sit with neatly arrange, yet unavoidably towering piles of essays scattered across my desk (some of my own, many of them belonging to my 101 students), I can’t help but recognize how timely this “theory” reading assignment is for the work we are doing in and out of our classes right now. This goes back to what Kate suggested the purpose of this blog is: a forum to communicate between the authors’ ideas, our own understanding of the texts, each other’s ideas, and our experiences as instructors. Kate described this as “theorizing teaching WRIT 101 using the week’s readings as a focus” in the post the preceded all of ours. Theorizing with a small ‘t’.
The readings this week, focusing on evaluation through such interrelated topics as participation, responding to student writing, and effective assessment strategies, knit together an overarching concept of reviewing and revising our own practices as instructors for what is most effective to improve the writing of our students. This may seem obvious, but as the authors proved time and again through example and study, many common moves among teachers don’t particularly signal what they expect it to to students and many evaluative criteria teachers create aren’t effectively articulated to the students to whom they are being applied. We have some work to do.
Early on in her piece “Evaluation as Acts of Reading, Response, and Reflection”, Chiseri-Strater confesses that “grading made me feel so vulnerable and confused that my attitude was one of avoidance” (179). I must admit, I am not unfamiliar with this general feeling, although I have been able to push through my hesitation and jump into some very interesting discussions and some situations that really require attendance. Am I the only one? She later suggests that this discomfort might better be looked at as an opportunity for learning and revising our own practices. Do you feel like this is possible within our first semester or does it happen over more time?
She suggests that students feel “manipulated” when the grading process is concealed. I think a strength of WRIT 101 is how clearly evaluation criteria and grading policies are laid out for our students, and for us.
She goes on to discuss how/why she’s decided to not rely on standard evaluative guides:
While I still find such guides useful for initiating class discussions about evaluation, objective scales are no longer part of my grading process. I'm now convinced that objective grading scales foster an overreliance on external standards of authority, prevent teachers from figuring out their own attitudes and procedures for evaluation, and mask the many interesting pedagogical issues involved in the assessment process. (180)
And on page 185, she discusses how/why she brings “students themselves into the assessment process.” Do you see opportunities for us as teachers to further incorporate our students into discerning guidelines for evaluation? It often seems that the more ownership students have over a concept or aspect of class, the more willing they are to fully grasp and respect it.
I also found it enlightening that in responding to student work (in the case of Eric writing about the abuse his mother received at the hand of his father), she found an opportunity for both her and her student to “potentially contribute to [social/political] change” (183). Here again, we’re brought back to what I think is a core goal of WRIT 101: preparing our students to write not only in their field, but also as active citizens. Have you found any such examples in your own classes? Or ways to build it into your curriculum?
Later, Chiseri-Strater suggests that “midterm evaluations are shaped by teachers' desires to get students to assume more responsibility and accountability for their work” (195). Do you feel that teachers’ desires for this are met? I think for some of my students, it may be the case, but for some who are struggling, it may be more disheartening than anything and I fear they might give up completely. Are we building confidence or breaking it down?
Now that I’ve spent an inordinate amount of time one reading, I’ll limit my time on the other readings.
Sommers focus is on effective response to student writing, and she helps us get into this by exploring what we as writers want to know : “if our writing has communicated our in-tended meaning and, if not, what questions or discrepancies our reader sees that we, as writers, are blind to” (148). If we can get our students to be invested as writers and we can respond to logic, organization, and meanings within a work—more than just mechanical errors—Sommers believes revision will then truly be a place of crafting a stronger overall piece. Do you agree? How can we navigate this differences and the need for our students to be invested in their writing enough to make the necessary deep revisions?
Dirk presents a discussion about participation. According to him, students and teachers are on very different wavelengths about what constitutes participation, how it is evaluated, and what role it plays in the classroom. How do we ensure we’re are clear with our students (and ourselves, for that matter) about participation’s place in our class? Is there room for discussion and different ways of incorporating it (or not) into our grading policy?
Now, please use what you've learned from these readings to respond to this writing!
Grace,
ReplyDeleteIf I were reading your post with the juicy green evaluation pen I leave uncapped as I read my students' essays, I would be quick to draw an asterisk next to this passage of your post: "If we can get our students to be invested as writers and we can respond to logic, organization, and meanings within a work—more than just mechanical errors—Sommers believes revision will then truly be a place of crafting a stronger overall piece. Do you agree? How can we navigate this differences and the need for our students to be invested in their writing enough to make the necessary deep revisions?"
These phrases pop at me: invested enough, deep revisions. From my limited experience evaluating so far, it seems that, if we are to earn even a chance that students will become invested enough to revise deeply, we as instructors have to be invested enough to comment--deeply. Sommers's research identifies that "most teachers' comments are not text-specific...and could be rubber-stamped, from text to text" (152). I have been guilty of this kind of commentary. Why? It's easier and faster--for me, at least--to throw general rules in the margins than to take the time to engage with each student’s individual text. As I read PAAs, I found myself sick of writing those reliable rubber-stamp observations. I realize now that that my boredom with my commentary should have been a signal to me. Reading as inquiry: we stress this theme to our students, but how does it inform our reading of their essays? Sommers points out that assessment takes a lot of time as it is—we need to make sure we’re giving each essay the most bang for our (time-limited) buck.
Given what I know now, I think it comes down to text- and even topic-specific questions in our margins to identify not just that a student should provide more specifics or deeper analysis—but how a student should accomplish those tasks. I have found that posing these kind of questions takes time, but I think, if I spent less time pointing out sentence fragments, it might not take any longer to offer first-draft assessment as questions, rather than statements. That said, when we invest our margin time in deep questions, we can’t be certain that students will invest in deep revisions—but at least we’ve given them the strategies to revise deeply if they want to try.
After reading my student's reflective essays, It felt good that most already knew what their deficiencies were in their paper. The questions I asked them to answer were based in self assessment and one of them was "what could you do better for next time?" and most of them wrote down exactly what I remember telling them for their PAAs. I like that the reflective essay is weighted to be 1/4 of the grade because I was able to stress to my students how important it was for them and as a result I got some honest self - reflection and I think they learned a little about them selves as part of the process.
ReplyDeleteOn their reflections papers I wrote a reflection back to them about reading their work as an attempt at a "dialogue" in the grading process. In all, I think my students did very well on their reflections and I found myself writing longer responses to them. As far as losing students, I feel as though there were a couple that were on the edge and really have started trying harder after getting some feedback from me about their writing.
Like Joel, I also received reflection essays that were honestly written; in fact, more than one student inspired me with her or his complete honesty about the personal challenges, frustrations and triumphs of writing in WRIT 101. As I mentioned in class last week, there was a moment during the class before the essay was due when it suddenly became apparent (or so I thought) that not one of my students was prepared to write an A or B essay, and I absolutely panicked; I was so frustrated that the grade was worth so much and thought I'd set them up for a train wreck. Since grading the essays - the majority of which are in the A+ to B- range - I realize that the onslaught of their "I'm not sure how to write this essay..." questions was not so much a response to their incapability to write the essay (and my incapability to teach them), but rather a response that came out of their gravity toward the assignment. Clearly, because of the big, mean grade. I can also say now that I actually like the weight of this assignment so early in the semester; my students buckled down to meet my expectation for A/B writing, and most of them met it, many of them handing in essays that were much, much better written than their PAAs. Now I feel like I have this leverage the rest of the semester: "See how elegantly written [etc.] your reflective essay is? Do that again."
ReplyDeleteI completely agree with Noel and Joel about the value of the Reflection Essay. I think I was just as terrified of giving out bad grades as my students were about getting them. What I found was that many of them were listening and reflecting on the comments I had made on their papers and during office hours. I felt validated as a teacher to see them learning from these comments and conversations. I didn’t let them participate in their grading process, but I have made it clear that I am swayed by good arguments and if they feel they received a grade in error they can make a case for why they believe their paper should receive a better grade. I was afraid that this would open up the floodgates and all of my students would pour into my office demanding better grades, but the opposite ending up being true. I accredit this with the number of steps students take to get to a finished product. I think it really helps students to get and stay involved in their writing process when they have to revisit it so many times. They work on drafts and revised drafts and get feedback from myself and their peers along the way. As Chriseri-Strater points out “Peer-group work also affords students some practice in giving and receiving feedback and in playing the roles of critic, editor, coach, and tutor” (188). I agree with Chriseri-Strater that it is important to give our students the opportunities to try out a being in this dual role, as both the one being critiqued and the one who is critiquing. Playing the role of the evaluator while giving critical feedback is what we asked them to do for their Reflection essays and I feel like the peer workshops gave them some practice on how to do this effectively.
ReplyDeleteI really like Joel's practice of framing comments to the Reflective essay in the form of a reflection. Giving feedback in such a way would certainly re-emphasize the collaboration that we have been trying to foster throughout the semester within our respective classes. I am certainly attempting to give my students good feedback, and I wonder by framing my work with them as collaboration I could breathe some more life into the sometimes scary and anxiety-ridden practice of grade giving.
ReplyDeleteI find the idea of collaborating with students on guidelines for evaluation to be really interesting. I use a rubric for grading papers, which perhaps makes the process look a bit more objective than it really is. I like the idea of getting my students involved by having us come up with the language for the rubric in class, maybe with the assignment sheet as a guideline.
I think that the students in my class who wrote the least effective Reflective essays must have forgotten what the point of the assignment was! I looked at two essays where the writing wasn't bad, but the students had clearly failed to engage any of the course concepts and only described their writing in terms of tired generalities. I think that coming up with the evaluative criteria in class would be immensely helpful for students who might otherwise not pay close enough attention to the assignment parameters.
I too was intrigued by the idea of involving my students in creating evaluation criteria for their work; it seems like it has such great potential for students to invest in class and in their writing in a new way. I like Adrianna's suggestion of looking to the assignment sheet for guidelines. I also wish I had asked my students the question, “what is good writing?” on the first day of class, and then perhaps revisited the list periodically over the semester, adding to it. This would have also been a good evaluative guide to return to for my students.
ReplyDeleteI think your question, Grace, about whether we build student confidence or break it down via our midterm evaluations, is an important one. Writing is a skill which we know comes from long hours of practice and a fair amount of effort, as well as a good bit of revision. So many students have such negative ideas about their writing skills to begin with, and struggle to express themselves in a way they are pleased with, and so teacher revision comments and grades on papers are significant. Teaching in some ways strikes me as diplomacy; treading carefully in revision comments in order to be honest, yet so as not to upset the balance of inspiration and investment of students in their writing, and discouragement and checking out.
In regards to your questions posed about participation:
ReplyDeleteI find that the idea of mutual enforcement from Chiseri-Strater's article not only echoes back to last week's discussion of revision and invention, but can also be applied to Dirk's article on participation. Dirk's findings (and the literature she surveys) suggest that it's imperative that we, as instructors, make our evaluative participation criteria clear to students--just as we should, through in-class work and written commentary, make evaluative criteria for written assignments very clear.
I think the best way to ensure our students understand the participation criteria is to model and praise effective behavior in class, just as we model effective reader responses through peer review or group work. We can also provide very specific instructions for in-class work (and smaller written homework assignments, if you count those as participation) so that students are clear on the exercise goals. Whenever I do assign in-class activities or written assignments as homework, I make sure that my directions are extremely clear. For in-class activities I have step-by-step guidelines that I put up on the board to provide a structure for discussion or group work. For written homework, if I have time in class, I go over the assignment prompt, and depending on the length of the prompt, I often complete an example for my students to read. In this way my expectations for group and written work are very clear, and students can't argue that I didn't provide them with a model. I've also told them exactly how I evaluate them on participation each day, explaining that participation in group work, contribution to whole class discussion, attendance, and homework completion all add up to their score out of 4. And I've reinforced the evaluative criteria by having them do a participation self-assessment survey (idea swiped from Noel).
Thus, in all aspects of the course--participation, written assignments--our expectations should be made explicitly clear to our students, because, as Dirk points out, students who feel they have control over the outcome of their grades are more compelled to engage in their work: "this greater control over their grades may...further the development of their critical thinking skills through their engagement of classroom activities" (91).